​The Fa’afafine Rural Program has launched its new Facebook fan page & its revamped
podcast show, Fala Lalaga. The objective of these projects is to broaden the Program’s
reach to the target demographic – the fa’afafine community.


The Facebook Fanpage can be found by searching “American Samoa Fa’afafine Rural
Program”. The purpose of creating this fan page is to not overwhelm the main Alliance
page with Rural activity. It’ll also help us be more in control of the content we share with
our community to more easily educate them and build awareness on issues that are
important to fa’afafine and the SOCGIE community in American Samoa.

The Fala Lalaga podcast was, prior to the revamp launch, audio only. The show uses
our new Facebook fan page to go live, and the Alliance zoom account to record each
episode for community reference. The new series is video + audio and is organized to
include 3 main components:

1. The Main Topic of discussion is segmented to happen during the second half of
the show and will include guests who are relevant to the main topic.

2. Two or three Subtopics that are related to events &; activities highlighted by either
the Rural, SOFIAS, Alliance or International Advocacy & Awareness Calendars.

3. A segment for Rural or SOFIAS to share community updates or announcements,
if any.

The first episode of this new series was an introductory episode, where our Program
Manager & Coordinator introduced the podcast, shared about the Fa’afafine Rural
Program, our upcoming programs, events & activities, and closed with what and who to
expect during the next episode in October.
​
Please follow our Facebook page and tune in to our next podcast episode for interesting
conversations about LGBTQI+ History Month (October).

 ​By: Jaiyah Saelua
 
The Fa’afafine Rural Program is pleased to announce the development of our very first curriculum, focused on Advocacy Training for the fa’afafine community and our allies. Although the curriculum will eventually be made public, it will initially be used to inform and empower our program’s new initiative – the Zone Advocates Program.
The Zone Advocates Program is in partnership with the SOFIAS. As it may be known, SOFIAS is divided into 3 zones – East, Central & West. After the official redrawing of the zone boarders, the Fa’afafine Rural Program can now move on recruiting 3 Zone Advocates who will act as liaisons of the program to the general fa’afafine community, broadening our efforts of safety outreach, urgent care and harm reduction. These Zone Advocates will be trained by the Rural staff using the newly developed curriculum. Each zone will nominate 2 candidates, and the Rural Program Manager will determine who is best fit to take on these positions. The positions are part-time employment opportunities provided by the grant, funded by the Office of Violence Against Women and managed by the American Samoa Alliance. Upon selection, the 3 advocates will begin their training. The 30-hour training will be divided into eight 4-hour sessions and will be given over the span of 4 days here at our Resource Center.
Listed are the titles of the 8 sessions detailed in our curriculum:

1. Introduction to Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault & Stalking
2. The Importance of Advocacy & Healing in the Fa’afafine Community
3. Coordinated Response Systems for the Fa’afafine Community
4. Understanding Trauma & it’s Impact on Mental Health
5. Healing Practices & Resilience Building
6. Facilitating Safe Conversations about DVSA
7. Empowering Allies & Building Partnerships
8. Unpacking Gender Self-Identification in a Fa’asamoa Context

We are excited for the opportunity to build capacity with the Fa’afafine Rural Program’s biggest partner, SOFIAS. Our intentions throughout the activities workplan is to involve SOFIAS as best we can, and this initiative will foster a clearer understanding of those intentions. 

Written by AI Chat, July 25, 2024

Fa'afafine, who hold a cherished place within the aiga (family), face unique and significant struggles as victims of domestic and sexual violence. Their experiences often include rejection, isolation, and misunderstanding both within their own families and broader communities. These challenges not only affect their individual well-being but also their ability to fulfill their vital roles as caregivers and cultural bearers within Fa'aSamoa (the Samoan way). Healing, therefore, is essential for both the individuals and the community.

The path to healing for fa'afafine involves embracing alofa (love) and faaloalo (respect) within their aiga and broader community. Traditional practices, such as storytelling, play a crucial role in this process. Sharing personal narratives in safe, supportive environments can foster understanding and solidarity among fa'afafine, helping them reclaim their identities and roles. Engaging in tautua (service) also reaffirms their roles as caregivers, strengthening their connections and sense of purpose within the community.

The non-fa'afafine community can be instrumental in supporting this healing process by acting as allies and advocates. Understanding the cultural significance of fa'afafine and their roles within the aiga is crucial. Allies can listen to fa'afafine stories without judgment, offering empathy and support. They can advocate for inclusive policies and practices, ensuring that fa'afafine voices are heard and respected. Promoting alofa and faaloalo within the community helps bridge gaps, creating a safer and more inclusive environment for fa'afafine to heal and thrive.

Recognizing and honoring the contributions of fa'afafine is essential for upholding the values of Fa'aSamoa. By supporting fa'afafine in their healing journey, we ensure the resilience and inclusivity of our society. The American Samoa Alliance against Domestic & Sexual Violence is committed to this cause. Through grant funding, the Alliance's Rural Team is dedicated to engaging the fa'afafine community in education and awareness programs about sexual assault and domestic violence. These initiatives aim to provide crucial information and support, fostering healing and empowerment.

The Alliance's efforts include workshops and seminars that offer safe spaces for fa'afafine to share their experiences and learn about resources available to them. These programs emphasize the importance of alofa, faaloalo, and tautua, reinforcing the cultural values that support healing and resilience. By integrating Fa'aSamoa principles with modern support systems, the Alliance aims to create a holistic approach to healing for fa'afafine.

The non-fa'afafine community can further support these efforts by participating in awareness programs, advocating for inclusive policies, and offering unwavering support to fa'afafine individuals. By doing so, we can ensure that fa'afafine continue to play their important roles within the aiga, fostering a community rooted in love, respect, and mutual support.

**References:**

1. Schmidt, J. (2003). **Paradise Lost? Social Change and Fa'afafine in Samoa**. Current Sociology, 51(3-4), 417-432.
2. Besnier, N. (1994). **Polynesian Gender Liminality through Time and Space**. In G. Herdt (Ed.), Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History (pp. 285-328). Zone Books.
3. Tcherkézoff, S. (2008). **First Contacts in Polynesia: The Samoan Case (1722-1848): Western Misunderstandings about Sexuality and Divinity**. ANU E Press.

​Written by: Jaiyah Saelua 
 
The Fa’afafine Rural Program has exciting news. On July 1st, 2024, we will launch and host an open house to officially open our program for operations.
The First Lady of American Samoa, the honorable Ella Mauga, the Executive Director of the Alliance, Ms. Jennifer Tofaeono, one of the founders & advisors of SOFIAS, Ms. Naeaulumanu’a Tasha LeAtio’o, and a fa’afafine board members of the Alliance, Tapunu’u Don Va’avale will do the honors of cutting the ribbon. The opening and dedication prayer will be done by Reverend Iese Fa’avaoga of the Leone CCCAS, Siona le Mauga Pa’ia. We will begin our program at the Naumati Conference Room at Tradewinds Hotel, and then move to our office space across from Tradewinds Hotel to reveal our sign, cut the ribbons, and welcome all our guests for an open tour of the space.
The space consists of a Resource Center, the Executive Director’s Office, the Program Manager’s Office, the Program Coordinator’s office, a kitchenette, and a genderless restroom. The space was created in collaboration with fa’afafine & SOGIE individuals in the community. Our main sign and information posters were coordinated by Joni Sau, a Fijian Vaka sa Lewa Lewa graphic designer at All Star Signs. Our pamphlets & pins were coordinated by Vaiki Pa’au, a sales representative at IBC. Our SOFIAS Pamphlet was informed by SOFIAS Historian and creator of the Facebook page “American Samoa Throughout The Years”, Marion Mageo. The ordered artwork was commissioned from Samoan fa’afafine artists Ammon Fepulea’I and renowned author and artists Yuki Kihara. The interior space was designed by the Program Manager, Jaiyah Saelua, with the help of fa’afafine professionals at GIAS, Tori Fuala’au & Trina Noa. The program calendar of events and activities was planned by Miss SOFIAS & Program Coordinator, Uni Tanielu. This is a testament to the mission of this program – to create safe spaces that are for and by the fa’afafine and SOGIE community of American Samoa.
History is being made with the launch of this space. For the first time since fa’afafine in American Samoa first organized in the late 1960s, a public space will operate solely for the fa’afafine community. How fitting that we end this global Pride Month, only to begin the new month with this launch! Stay tuned for exciting things ahead, as we launch this program and begin operations. 

Rural communities face unique challenges when it comes to addressing violence against women. Under the auspices of the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) grants, initiatives tailored to these communities aim to provide vital support and resources. One such initiative is the funding of the American Samoa Alliance against Domestic & Sexual Violence, which works diligently with rural communities to address violence against the Fa'afafine community—a group that faces significant vulnerabilities and violence, particularly sexual assault.

Written by:  Jennifer F Tofaeono, Ex Dir, & CHAT AI
  The Fa'afafine Community and the Violence They Face

Fa'afafine, a recognized gender identity in Samoa, refers to individuals who are assigned male at birth but embody both masculine and feminine traits. Despite their cultural acceptance in many Samoan contexts, Fa'afafine often encounter substantial discrimination and violence. Sexual assault is a pervasive issue, and many Fa'afafine are coerced into silence due to the stigma and secrecy surrounding their experiences.

The violence faced by Fa'afafine is deeply rooted in societal norms and expectations. They are frequently subjected to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, which is compounded by a cultural tendency to conceal such incidents to avoid bringing shame upon their families. This culture of silence leaves many Fa'afafine carrying the heavy burden of their trauma in isolation.

Promoting Healing and Resilience:  

The American Samoa Alliance, funded by OVW Rural Project, is committed to addressing these challenges by fostering an environment of healing and resilience. In alignment with Fa'aSamoa, the Samoan way of life, the Alliance emphasizes community-based support and collective healing. Healing for Fa'afafine victims of violence involves not only addressing the immediate physical and emotional scars but also rebuilding their sense of identity and belonging within their communities.

The Alliance's approach to promoting resilience includes several key strategies:

1. **Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusivity:** Programs are designed to respect and incorporate Samoan cultural practices, ensuring that Fa'afafine feel understood and supported. This includes creating safe spaces where they can share their stories without fear of judgment or retribution.

2. **Providing Safe Spaces** Providing access allow SOFIAS to develop support groups that are specifically tailored to the needs of Fa'afafine. These services help individuals process their trauma and begin the journey toward healing.

3. **Community Education and Advocacy:** By raising awareness about the issues faced by Fa'afafine, the Alliance aims to change societal attitudes and reduce stigma. Educational initiatives target both the general public and specific groups, such as law enforcement and healthcare providers, to ensure that Fa'afafine receive compassionate and appropriate care.

 Collaboration with SOFIAS: A Unified Message of Support

The American Samoa Alliance works closely with the Societe of Fa'afafine in American Samoa (SOFIAS), which shares a common goal of supporting Fa'afafine victims of violence. Together, these organizations align their messaging to highlight the impact of violence on the Fa'afafine community and advocate for systemic changes to address these issues.

Community education efforts by the Alliance and SOFIAS include workshops, public forums, and media campaigns that underscore the importance of understanding and supporting Fa'afafine. These initiatives aim to break the cycle of secrecy and silence, empowering Fa'afafine to seek help and support.

The collaboration between the American Samoa Alliance and SOFIAS, under the OVW grants, represents a beacon of hope for the Fa'afafine community in rural American Samoa. By addressing the unique challenges they face and promoting healing through culturally sensitive and inclusive practices, these organizations are fostering a more resilient and supportive environment. The journey toward healing for Fa'afafine victims of violence is complex, but with continued support and advocacy, the path to resilience and recovery becomes more accessible.

References

1. "Office on Violence Against Women (OVW)." U.S. Department of Justice. [www.justice.gov/ovw](https://www.justice.gov/ovw)
2. Schmidt, Johanna. "The Fa'afafine: 'Queen' of Samoa and the South Pacific." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, 2001, pp. 345-371.
3. "Cultural Issues in Violence Against Women: Theory and Practice in Hawai'i and the Pacific Islands." University of Hawai'i Press, 2007.

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Feel free to add or modify any sections to better suit your needs. If you have any specific sources or additional information, I can incorporate those as well.

​June is international Pride month, when the progressive world recognizes & celebrates the SOGIE and LGBTQI+ community – our history, existence and visibility. Here in the Pacific, the SOGIE and QTPI communities celebrate in ways unique to our pasefika nature, cultures & indigenous identities.
Here in American Samoa, we have different fa’afafine, fa’atama, SOGIE & LGBTQI+ groups that have coordinated to celebrate together.
The Society of Fa’afafine in American Samoa (SOFIAS) is our community’s most notorious fa’afafine organization. A few of their most notable projects are their annual charity presentations to the LBJ Pediatric Ward, to the Fatuoaiga Hope House for the elderly, and financial assistance scholarships for immigrant students at ASCC. The annual SOFIAS Pageant is one of the most anticipated events of the year.
Impact is a student organization at the American Samoa Community College under the advisement of Ms. Jayleen Chun, a former Miss SOFIAS & current instructor at ASCC. The group aims at promoting inclusivity for students of diverse SOGIE-based identities, while providing young adult fa’afafine & fa’atama with resources & opportunities to be academically successful.
The Fa’afafine Rural Project is a new program under the American Samoa Alliance Against Domestic & Sexual Violence and is made possible by the Office of Violence against Women, Rural Grant. Our aim is to create & maintain safe spaces for all fa’afafine & fa’atama, to raise awareness on issues that affect the fa’afafine & fa’atama community, and to provide this specific community with in-person & online resources they can use to be aware of, protect themselves from, and heal from violence against them.
These three organizations have been working closely together this month to celebrate our connection to the international rainbow community, to empower our collective narrative, and to show our appreciation to our people for continuing to love and respect the fa’afafine & fa’atama community.
Happy Pride Month, American Samoa! 

The OVW Rural Project Alliance’s newest programs. The project is focused on finding ways to recognize violence against fa’afafine & fa’atama, to find resources that will help victims heal from violence committed against them.  After months, we have been able to hire personnel to focus solely on this project. The new program manager is Jaiyah Saelua, and the program coordinator is Uni Tanielu, the current Miss SOFIAS.
Jaiyah Saelua was born to Fiu & Catherine Saelua from the village of Leone. She identifies as a fa’afafine & transgender woman. She has a passion for football, advocacy, cleaning, traveling & spending time with her family.

Jaiyah is best known as the world’s first (out) transgender person to play in a FIFA-sanctioned tournament, in 2011 when the American Samoa Men’s National Football team competed at the Oceania Football Confederation’s 1st qualifying stage for the 2014 FIFA World Cup – Brazil. She has since used her platform to raise awareness on the existence of indigenous SOGIE-based identities, elevating the significance of the Samoan fa’afafine identity, and helped shape international policies that is inclusive of LGBTQI+ athletes around the world. In 2011, Archer’s Mark, a British Film Company, filmed the American Samoa’s National Football Team during the Pacific Games in New Caledonia & the World Cup Qualifiers in Samoa. The documentary, called “Next Goal Wins”, premiered at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival, and has won “Best Documentary” in Japan, Abu Dhabi, and at the 2015 BAFTA. In 2019, renowned Māori Hollywood director, Taika Waititi, created an adaptation of the same name, with an actress named Kaimana portraying Jaiyah. “Next Goal Wins” by Waititi premiered in 2023 at the Toronto International Film Festival, and across the world from November 2023 to February 2024.
 
Jaiyah’s visibility & narrative have landed her in various magazines, newspapers, radio, internet & television shows, most notably on the cover of the September 2016 issue of FIFA Magazine. Jaiyah moved home to take care of her uncle & grandmother, who have both passed on. Jaiyah joins us as a fresh mind at the beginning of a new objective, and we are thrilled to have her on our team. We are excited to see where her journey leads our collective efforts in creating, developing and maintaining safe spaces for our fa’afafine, fa’atama & SOGIE-based communities. Please help us in welcoming the esteemed Jaiyah Saelua.

Written by:  AI Chat  Photo from SOFIAS @ Two Dollar Beach American Samoa retrieved from Facebook
As Asian Pacific Heritage Month unfolds, it's essential to spotlight the Fa'afafine community, a group whose rich cultural heritage and resilience contribute significantly to the tapestry of the AAPI experience. Fa'afafine, a term originating from Samoa, refers to individuals who identify as a third gender, embodying both masculine and feminine traits. This community's history, identity, and cultural significance not only deserve recognition but also offer valuable insights into promoting wellness and acceptance within diverse societies.
​
Understanding Fa'afafine History and Identity
The Fa'afafine community has deep roots in Samoan culture, where individuals are recognized and respected for their unique gender identities. Traditionally, Fa'afafine play important roles within their families and communities, contributing to caregiving, cultural preservation, and social cohesion. Despite colonial influences and Western notions of gender binary, Fa'afafine identity remains an integral part of Samoan society, reflecting the fluidity and complexity of gender expression.

Impact of Asian Pacific Heritage Month
Asian Pacific Heritage Month provides an opportunity to celebrate Fa'afafine identity and raise awareness about the challenges and triumphs of this community. By acknowledging the contributions of Fa'afafine individuals to AAPI history, culture, and activism, we honor their resilience and amplify their voices within broader conversations about diversity and inclusion.

During this month-long celebration, events, workshops, and cultural performances can showcase Fa'afafine art, music, literature, and activism, fostering pride and solidarity within the community. Moreover, educational initiatives can promote understanding and allyship among allies, challenging stereotypes and promoting acceptance of gender diversity.

Promoting Wellness and Empowerment
For the Fa'afafine community, recognition and affirmation of their identity are essential for overall wellness and mental health. Asian Pacific Heritage Month provides a platform to promote self-acceptance, resilience, and empowerment among Fa'afafine individuals, fostering a sense of belonging and community support.
One example of how Asian Pacific Heritage Month can promote wellness within the Fa'afafine community is through culturally competent healthcare initiatives. By offering inclusive and affirming healthcare services, providers can address the unique needs and experiences of Fa'afafine individuals, promoting holistic wellness and preventive care.

Furthermore, community-led wellness programs, such as support groups, cultural ceremonies, and mentorship initiatives, can provide spaces for Fa'afafine individuals to connect, share experiences, and access resources for personal growth and empowerment. By centering cultural identity and resilience, these initiatives contribute to the overall well-being and flourishing of the Fa'afafine community.
 
As we celebrate Asian Pacific Heritage Month, let us recognize and honor the Fa'afafine community for their resilience, cultural richness, and contributions to AAPI history and identity. By amplifying Fa'afafine voices, promoting understanding, and fostering wellness and empowerment, we can create more inclusive and equitable societies where all individuals are valued and celebrated for who they are.
References:

• "The Samoan Fa'afafine: Passing on Culture" by Johanna Schmidt
• "Pacific Sexualities: Samoan Perspectives" edited by Frances K. and Kalissa Alexeyeff
• "Health Care Experiences and Perceived Barriers to Health Care Access: A Qualitative Study Among Fa’afafine in American Samoa" by Walter O. Bockting et al.

Written by:  AI Chat. Imaged retrieved from SOFIAS facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=486203973731087&set=pcb.486205313730953

     LGBTQ+ and Sexual Assault Awareness Month held in April every year,  brings crucial attention to the unique challenges faced by these communities, including the intersections of identity, discrimination, and vulnerability to sexual violence. For the Fa'afafine community in American Samoa, navigating both cultural traditions and modern realities can present complex dynamics. Fa'afafine individuals, who are recognized as a third gender in Samoan culture, often face discrimination and marginalization, which can increase their vulnerability to sexual assault. In the context of American Samoa, where traditional cultural values intersect with Western influences, Fa'afafine individuals may experience heightened risks of sexual violence due to stigma, prejudice, and a lack of understanding or acceptance within society. Sexual assault in this community can take various forms, ranging from intimate partner violence to assaults fueled by transphobia or homophobia. Additionally, factors such as limited access to resources, support services, and legal protections can further compound the challenges faced by Fa'afafine survivors of sexual violence.

     Healing for victims of sexual assault, including Fa'afafine individuals, requires a holistic approach that addresses their physical, emotional, and cultural needs. In Samoa, traditional healing practices rooted in the Fa'a Samoa (Samoan way of life) play a significant role in the recovery process. Fa'afafine survivors may seek support from their families, community elders, and spiritual leaders, engaging in ceremonies, rituals, and discussions aimed at restoring balance and well-being. These healing practices often emphasize communal support, cultural identity affirmation, and the importance of reconnecting with one's sense of self and place within the community. Additionally, accessing professional support services such as counseling, advocacy, and medical care is essential for survivors' healing journeys. By combining traditional and contemporary approaches to healing, survivors of sexual assault in the Fa'afafine community can reclaim agency, resilience, and empowerment as they navigate their paths toward healing and justice.
References:

• Fa'afafine: Gender Identity in Samoa - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910304/
• Sexual Assault in American Samoa: Challenges and Opportunities for Action - https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/244697.pdf
• Healing From Sexual Trauma: A Samoan Perspective - https://pacificwomen.org/healing-sexual-trauma-samoan-perspective/

In American Samoa and Samoa, Fa'afafine refers to individuals who identify as a third gender. Fa'afafine are widely accepted within Samoan culture and are recognized as a distinct gender category. They are assigned male at birth but typically display behaviors and characteristics traditionally associated with females. Fa'afafine often take on roles within the family and community that are typically associated with women, such as caregiving, household duties, and sometimes ceremonial roles.

The role of Fa'afafine within the family can vary depending on the specific dynamics and needs of each family, but they often play important roles in supporting family members, particularly in caregiving for elders and children. Their contributions to the family are generally valued and respected within Samoan society.
Sexual assault can unfortunately occur within any community, including among Fa'afafine individuals. Sexual assault against Fa'afafine can take various forms, including rape, molestation, harassment, or any form of unwanted sexual contact. Due to the stigma and discrimination that Fa'afafine individuals may face, they may be at increased risk of sexual violence.

Community support is crucial in addressing sexual assault against Fa'afafine individuals. Here are some ways communities can help:

1. Education and Awareness: Increasing awareness about sexual assault and its impact on Fa'afafine individuals is essential. Education programs should be inclusive and culturally sensitive, addressing the unique challenges faced by Fa'afafine. Please continue to follow the Alliance as we work within the community developing a Resource Center for SOFIAS members. 
2. Support Services: Communities should ensure that there are accessible support services available for Fa'afafine survivors of sexual assault, including counseling, medical care, and legal assistance. Through Office of Violence against Women Rural Program funding, the Alliance will be helping to create a curriculum for Fa'afafine's to become advocates.  They will help to navigate other Fa'afafine's who may be subjected to domestic violence, and or sexual assault, to safe spaces for healing. 
3. Empowerment and Advocacy: Empowering Fa'afafine individuals to speak out against sexual assault and advocating for their rights within the community can help combat stigma and discrimination.
4. Community Involvement: Engaging community leaders, organizations, and individuals in efforts to prevent sexual violence and support survivors can foster a supportive environment for Fa'afafine individuals.

It's important to note that addressing sexual assault requires a multifaceted approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders, including government agencies, community organizations, healthcare providers, and law enforcement.  We ask the community to learn more, and be part of the change to help create safer spaces for our vulnerable communities. 
​
References:

1. Sutter, O. (2014). Fa’afafine: The boys raised to be girls. CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/04/world/faafafine-samoa-third-gender/index.html
2. Mata'afa, T. (2016). Fa'afafine: Samoan boys brought up as girls. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34924869