Rural communities face unique challenges when it comes to addressing violence against women. Under the auspices of the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) grants, initiatives tailored to these communities aim to provide vital support and resources. One such initiative is the funding of the American Samoa Alliance against Domestic & Sexual Violence, which works diligently with rural communities to address violence against the Fa'afafine community—a group that faces significant vulnerabilities and violence, particularly sexual assault.
Written by: Jennifer F Tofaeono, Ex Dir, & CHAT AI The Fa'afafine Community and the Violence They Face Fa'afafine, a recognized gender identity in Samoa, refers to individuals who are assigned male at birth but embody both masculine and feminine traits. Despite their cultural acceptance in many Samoan contexts, Fa'afafine often encounter substantial discrimination and violence. Sexual assault is a pervasive issue, and many Fa'afafine are coerced into silence due to the stigma and secrecy surrounding their experiences. The violence faced by Fa'afafine is deeply rooted in societal norms and expectations. They are frequently subjected to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, which is compounded by a cultural tendency to conceal such incidents to avoid bringing shame upon their families. This culture of silence leaves many Fa'afafine carrying the heavy burden of their trauma in isolation. Promoting Healing and Resilience: The American Samoa Alliance, funded by OVW Rural Project, is committed to addressing these challenges by fostering an environment of healing and resilience. In alignment with Fa'aSamoa, the Samoan way of life, the Alliance emphasizes community-based support and collective healing. Healing for Fa'afafine victims of violence involves not only addressing the immediate physical and emotional scars but also rebuilding their sense of identity and belonging within their communities. The Alliance's approach to promoting resilience includes several key strategies: 1. **Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusivity:** Programs are designed to respect and incorporate Samoan cultural practices, ensuring that Fa'afafine feel understood and supported. This includes creating safe spaces where they can share their stories without fear of judgment or retribution. 2. **Providing Safe Spaces** Providing access allow SOFIAS to develop support groups that are specifically tailored to the needs of Fa'afafine. These services help individuals process their trauma and begin the journey toward healing. 3. **Community Education and Advocacy:** By raising awareness about the issues faced by Fa'afafine, the Alliance aims to change societal attitudes and reduce stigma. Educational initiatives target both the general public and specific groups, such as law enforcement and healthcare providers, to ensure that Fa'afafine receive compassionate and appropriate care. Collaboration with SOFIAS: A Unified Message of Support The American Samoa Alliance works closely with the Societe of Fa'afafine in American Samoa (SOFIAS), which shares a common goal of supporting Fa'afafine victims of violence. Together, these organizations align their messaging to highlight the impact of violence on the Fa'afafine community and advocate for systemic changes to address these issues. Community education efforts by the Alliance and SOFIAS include workshops, public forums, and media campaigns that underscore the importance of understanding and supporting Fa'afafine. These initiatives aim to break the cycle of secrecy and silence, empowering Fa'afafine to seek help and support. The collaboration between the American Samoa Alliance and SOFIAS, under the OVW grants, represents a beacon of hope for the Fa'afafine community in rural American Samoa. By addressing the unique challenges they face and promoting healing through culturally sensitive and inclusive practices, these organizations are fostering a more resilient and supportive environment. The journey toward healing for Fa'afafine victims of violence is complex, but with continued support and advocacy, the path to resilience and recovery becomes more accessible. References 1. "Office on Violence Against Women (OVW)." U.S. Department of Justice. [www.justice.gov/ovw](https://www.justice.gov/ovw) 2. Schmidt, Johanna. "The Fa'afafine: 'Queen' of Samoa and the South Pacific." GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, 2001, pp. 345-371. 3. "Cultural Issues in Violence Against Women: Theory and Practice in Hawai'i and the Pacific Islands." University of Hawai'i Press, 2007. --- Feel free to add or modify any sections to better suit your needs. If you have any specific sources or additional information, I can incorporate those as well.
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![]() June is international Pride month, when the progressive world recognizes & celebrates the SOGIE and LGBTQI+ community – our history, existence and visibility. Here in the Pacific, the SOGIE and QTPI communities celebrate in ways unique to our pasefika nature, cultures & indigenous identities. Here in American Samoa, we have different fa’afafine, fa’atama, SOGIE & LGBTQI+ groups that have coordinated to celebrate together. The Society of Fa’afafine in American Samoa (SOFIAS) is our community’s most notorious fa’afafine organization. A few of their most notable projects are their annual charity presentations to the LBJ Pediatric Ward, to the Fatuoaiga Hope House for the elderly, and financial assistance scholarships for immigrant students at ASCC. The annual SOFIAS Pageant is one of the most anticipated events of the year. Impact is a student organization at the American Samoa Community College under the advisement of Ms. Jayleen Chun, a former Miss SOFIAS & current instructor at ASCC. The group aims at promoting inclusivity for students of diverse SOGIE-based identities, while providing young adult fa’afafine & fa’atama with resources & opportunities to be academically successful. The Fa’afafine Rural Project is a new program under the American Samoa Alliance Against Domestic & Sexual Violence and is made possible by the Office of Violence against Women, Rural Grant. Our aim is to create & maintain safe spaces for all fa’afafine & fa’atama, to raise awareness on issues that affect the fa’afafine & fa’atama community, and to provide this specific community with in-person & online resources they can use to be aware of, protect themselves from, and heal from violence against them. These three organizations have been working closely together this month to celebrate our connection to the international rainbow community, to empower our collective narrative, and to show our appreciation to our people for continuing to love and respect the fa’afafine & fa’atama community. Happy Pride Month, American Samoa! ![]() The OVW Rural Project Alliance’s newest programs. The project is focused on finding ways to recognize violence against fa’afafine & fa’atama, to find resources that will help victims heal from violence committed against them. After months, we have been able to hire personnel to focus solely on this project. The new program manager is Jaiyah Saelua, and the program coordinator is Uni Tanielu, the current Miss SOFIAS. Jaiyah Saelua was born to Fiu & Catherine Saelua from the village of Leone. She identifies as a fa’afafine & transgender woman. She has a passion for football, advocacy, cleaning, traveling & spending time with her family. Jaiyah is best known as the world’s first (out) transgender person to play in a FIFA-sanctioned tournament, in 2011 when the American Samoa Men’s National Football team competed at the Oceania Football Confederation’s 1st qualifying stage for the 2014 FIFA World Cup – Brazil. She has since used her platform to raise awareness on the existence of indigenous SOGIE-based identities, elevating the significance of the Samoan fa’afafine identity, and helped shape international policies that is inclusive of LGBTQI+ athletes around the world. In 2011, Archer’s Mark, a British Film Company, filmed the American Samoa’s National Football Team during the Pacific Games in New Caledonia & the World Cup Qualifiers in Samoa. The documentary, called “Next Goal Wins”, premiered at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival, and has won “Best Documentary” in Japan, Abu Dhabi, and at the 2015 BAFTA. In 2019, renowned Māori Hollywood director, Taika Waititi, created an adaptation of the same name, with an actress named Kaimana portraying Jaiyah. “Next Goal Wins” by Waititi premiered in 2023 at the Toronto International Film Festival, and across the world from November 2023 to February 2024. Jaiyah’s visibility & narrative have landed her in various magazines, newspapers, radio, internet & television shows, most notably on the cover of the September 2016 issue of FIFA Magazine. Jaiyah moved home to take care of her uncle & grandmother, who have both passed on. Jaiyah joins us as a fresh mind at the beginning of a new objective, and we are thrilled to have her on our team. We are excited to see where her journey leads our collective efforts in creating, developing and maintaining safe spaces for our fa’afafine, fa’atama & SOGIE-based communities. Please help us in welcoming the esteemed Jaiyah Saelua. Written by: AI Chat Photo from SOFIAS @ Two Dollar Beach American Samoa retrieved from Facebook
As Asian Pacific Heritage Month unfolds, it's essential to spotlight the Fa'afafine community, a group whose rich cultural heritage and resilience contribute significantly to the tapestry of the AAPI experience. Fa'afafine, a term originating from Samoa, refers to individuals who identify as a third gender, embodying both masculine and feminine traits. This community's history, identity, and cultural significance not only deserve recognition but also offer valuable insights into promoting wellness and acceptance within diverse societies. Understanding Fa'afafine History and Identity The Fa'afafine community has deep roots in Samoan culture, where individuals are recognized and respected for their unique gender identities. Traditionally, Fa'afafine play important roles within their families and communities, contributing to caregiving, cultural preservation, and social cohesion. Despite colonial influences and Western notions of gender binary, Fa'afafine identity remains an integral part of Samoan society, reflecting the fluidity and complexity of gender expression. Impact of Asian Pacific Heritage Month Asian Pacific Heritage Month provides an opportunity to celebrate Fa'afafine identity and raise awareness about the challenges and triumphs of this community. By acknowledging the contributions of Fa'afafine individuals to AAPI history, culture, and activism, we honor their resilience and amplify their voices within broader conversations about diversity and inclusion. During this month-long celebration, events, workshops, and cultural performances can showcase Fa'afafine art, music, literature, and activism, fostering pride and solidarity within the community. Moreover, educational initiatives can promote understanding and allyship among allies, challenging stereotypes and promoting acceptance of gender diversity. Promoting Wellness and Empowerment For the Fa'afafine community, recognition and affirmation of their identity are essential for overall wellness and mental health. Asian Pacific Heritage Month provides a platform to promote self-acceptance, resilience, and empowerment among Fa'afafine individuals, fostering a sense of belonging and community support. One example of how Asian Pacific Heritage Month can promote wellness within the Fa'afafine community is through culturally competent healthcare initiatives. By offering inclusive and affirming healthcare services, providers can address the unique needs and experiences of Fa'afafine individuals, promoting holistic wellness and preventive care. Furthermore, community-led wellness programs, such as support groups, cultural ceremonies, and mentorship initiatives, can provide spaces for Fa'afafine individuals to connect, share experiences, and access resources for personal growth and empowerment. By centering cultural identity and resilience, these initiatives contribute to the overall well-being and flourishing of the Fa'afafine community. As we celebrate Asian Pacific Heritage Month, let us recognize and honor the Fa'afafine community for their resilience, cultural richness, and contributions to AAPI history and identity. By amplifying Fa'afafine voices, promoting understanding, and fostering wellness and empowerment, we can create more inclusive and equitable societies where all individuals are valued and celebrated for who they are. References:
Written by: AI Chat. Imaged retrieved from SOFIAS facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=486203973731087&set=pcb.486205313730953
LGBTQ+ and Sexual Assault Awareness Month held in April every year, brings crucial attention to the unique challenges faced by these communities, including the intersections of identity, discrimination, and vulnerability to sexual violence. For the Fa'afafine community in American Samoa, navigating both cultural traditions and modern realities can present complex dynamics. Fa'afafine individuals, who are recognized as a third gender in Samoan culture, often face discrimination and marginalization, which can increase their vulnerability to sexual assault. In the context of American Samoa, where traditional cultural values intersect with Western influences, Fa'afafine individuals may experience heightened risks of sexual violence due to stigma, prejudice, and a lack of understanding or acceptance within society. Sexual assault in this community can take various forms, ranging from intimate partner violence to assaults fueled by transphobia or homophobia. Additionally, factors such as limited access to resources, support services, and legal protections can further compound the challenges faced by Fa'afafine survivors of sexual violence. Healing for victims of sexual assault, including Fa'afafine individuals, requires a holistic approach that addresses their physical, emotional, and cultural needs. In Samoa, traditional healing practices rooted in the Fa'a Samoa (Samoan way of life) play a significant role in the recovery process. Fa'afafine survivors may seek support from their families, community elders, and spiritual leaders, engaging in ceremonies, rituals, and discussions aimed at restoring balance and well-being. These healing practices often emphasize communal support, cultural identity affirmation, and the importance of reconnecting with one's sense of self and place within the community. Additionally, accessing professional support services such as counseling, advocacy, and medical care is essential for survivors' healing journeys. By combining traditional and contemporary approaches to healing, survivors of sexual assault in the Fa'afafine community can reclaim agency, resilience, and empowerment as they navigate their paths toward healing and justice. References:
In American Samoa and Samoa, Fa'afafine refers to individuals who identify as a third gender. Fa'afafine are widely accepted within Samoan culture and are recognized as a distinct gender category. They are assigned male at birth but typically display behaviors and characteristics traditionally associated with females. Fa'afafine often take on roles within the family and community that are typically associated with women, such as caregiving, household duties, and sometimes ceremonial roles.
The role of Fa'afafine within the family can vary depending on the specific dynamics and needs of each family, but they often play important roles in supporting family members, particularly in caregiving for elders and children. Their contributions to the family are generally valued and respected within Samoan society. Sexual assault can unfortunately occur within any community, including among Fa'afafine individuals. Sexual assault against Fa'afafine can take various forms, including rape, molestation, harassment, or any form of unwanted sexual contact. Due to the stigma and discrimination that Fa'afafine individuals may face, they may be at increased risk of sexual violence. Community support is crucial in addressing sexual assault against Fa'afafine individuals. Here are some ways communities can help:
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In the vibrant tapestry of Pacific Island cultures, the Fa'afafine community occupies a unique and revered space. Fa'afafine, a Samoan term meaning "in the manner of a woman," refers to individuals who identify as a third gender, embodying both masculine and feminine qualities. Despite their long-standing acceptance within Pacific Island societies, Fa'afafine women often confront discrimination and violence that target their gender identity. This article sheds light on the pressing issue of violence against Fa'afafine women, examining its roots, manifestations, and pathways toward change.
Understanding Fa'afafine Identity and Culture: Fa'afafine individuals are an integral part of Samoan and broader Pacific Island cultures, recognized for their contributions to family, community, and traditional ceremonies. Embraced for their unique identity, Fa'afafine occupy diverse roles, serving as caregivers, mentors, and cultural ambassadors. However, societal attitudes and misconceptions about gender diversity can lead to marginalization and violence against Fa'afafine individuals, particularly Fa'afafine women. Manifestations of Violence Against Fa'afafine Women:
Written by: Jennifer Tofaeono, Ex Director Photo retrieved from: https://utopiawa.org/blog/60-years-of-faafafine-history-a-timeline-of-herstory-makers-events-surrounding-them-in-american-samoa/
The Alliance was awarded a 36 month grant through the Office of Violence Rural focused on improving the response to violence for the Fa’afafine Community. Through the Alliance and our partners, we will strive to empower and provide the means for our community to strengthen allies, create new partnerships, and work towards change to improve the lives of Fa’afafine community who face domestic and sexual violence. As the Alliance Executive Director, I recognize that this 36-month program will focus on community conversations, leadership building, community visioning and an action plan implementation to improve the lives of Fa’afafine’s who victims of violence are, while strengthening advocates response to violence for the Fa’afafine community. We have much to do in a short time. Our first steps are to hire a Program Manager and Administrative Assistant focused solely on the Rural Project. The Project Manager will be responsible to develop a program that will strengthen collaboration among service providers, ally organizations, and SOFIAS to meet the needs of the Fa’afafine victims of domestic violence and sexual assault and improve the safety and well-being of the Fa’afafine community. The next step is to educate and train three Fa’afafine’s, based on the geographical zone organized by SOFIAS to provide Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault for Fa’afafine victims and coordinate service provision with LBJ Tropical Medical Centers, Department of Human & Social Services (ASG). In our discussions with Fa’afafine community they want to address systemic discrimination and improve public awareness of gender-based violence. They have stated confidently they can “take care of their own”, and this is witnessed through the development of the SOFIAS as well as the zone spaces. They have requested training to empower Fa’afafine to organize calls action, and the Rural Grant will support these activities. Over the next three years we ask the community to follow us on this journey, and to aid in the success of this project. One way you can show your help is by providing information to the community about the positions available for the Rural Project. If you are interested in being a part of this project, please visit our website at: https://www.asalliance.co/positions-available.html and review the position(s) available. If you have any questions email me at: [email protected] and I will answer any questions. I know that my team and I are looking for amazing new additions to the staff. Looking forward to hearing from you!! Written by: Jennifer Tofaeono, Ex Director Rosemarie Hidalgo, informing the approved award amount of $750,000 for the Fiscal Year 2023 Rural Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault and Stalking Program Solicitation, and is good for three years. This project allows the Alliance to continue the Rural Project for the last two years with the Fa’afafine Community, and partnership with the SOFIAS (Society of Fa’afafine in American Samoa).
The purpose of the grant is to implement of a victim services project for American Samoa, in partnership with the SOFIAS to help the Fa’afafine Community who are victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence and stalking in our rural community. Specific activities will include hiring Fa’afafine advocates to coordinate with the sole Fa’afafine representing organization in the territory: SOFIAS to create a culturally specific domestic violence sexual assault (DVSA) curriculum for Polynesian Fa’afafine. The grant will assist in establishing an infrastructure, creating safe spaces in zones and a Resource Center. Lastly, the Alliance will develop training curriculum for three Fa’afafine advocates and twenty service providers to improve response to domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence in the Fa’afafine community. Our next steps is to complete the award requirements of the acceptance package, and obtain funding to begin grant activities. We will establish the job descriptions for two positions within the grant, Project Manager and Administrative Assistant. The Alliance search for space to create the Resource Center for the project. We ask that you continue to follow us as we share updates of the project. If you would like more information regarding this project please do not hesitate to email: [email protected], or subscribe to our monthly newsletter to receive more information. Photo retrieved from SOFIAS FacebookPage https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=336019808749505&set=pb.100070244640816.-2207520000&type=3 On September 25, 2023 the Alliance was informed by the Office on Violence Against Women the approval of award entitled 2023 OVW Fiscal Year Rural Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Stalking Program approved for $750,000 for years 2023-2026.
The purpose of this award is to continue our project with the SOFIAS to help identify, assess, and appropriately respond to child, youth, and adult victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking in rural communities. Over the next three years the Alliance, thru this project will help to establish and expand victim services in rural communities to child, youth and adult victims. It will help to increase the safety and well being of Fa'afafine Victims to increase the safety and well-being in American Samoa. Over the next three years we will work to increase the safe being of the Fa'afafine community by creating and implementing strategies to expand and establish cooperative efforts and projects among law enforcement officers, prosecutors, victim service providers; provide treatment and counseling advocacy and other long-term and short-term specific services for Fa'afafine community. Lastly we will help to develop programs and strategies with the Fa'afafine community who live in American Samoa. |