Written by:  Sosefina, Summer Intern 

Dr. Jueta McCutchan, local Clinical Psychologist from Veterans Affairs clinic, led a team of community collaborators to host a two-day event, the Annual American Samoa Mental Health Summit.  Due to Covid-19, and the inability to travel to American Samoa this was a hybrid conference. There were many local and off island presenters who led the sessions.       
  The team included American Samoa Alliance against Domestic & Sexual Violence, Department of Health, Department of Human Social Services, Department of Youth and Women’s Affairs, Empowering Pacific Island Communities (EPIC), Veterans Affairs Service Providers, as well as local faith-based leaders, and governmental leaders.  The team held conversations regarding various aspects of mental health to promote change. 
EPIC Executive Director Kathryn McCutchan talked about a project with 1,125 youth participants from local high schools focused on suicide.  She shared the increase in youth suicides in American Samoa, and how complicated it is to find a solution.  “1 in 3 adolescents (ages 14-19) seriously think about suicide,” shared Ms. McCutchan, “and they have difficulty controlling their thoughts.”  There are signs to help adults as our youth focus on sadness, pain and the feeling of being trapped, linked to family problems, community and church risk factors, school issues and individual risk factors.  “Everyone has a role and responsibility in each community. To raise community awareness, gain knowledge, skills and positive attitude, and lastly to promote treatment, aftercare and recovery,” stated Ms. McCutchan, “We always seem to miss recovery, but it’s important when dealing with someone who is battling their hardest fights.”

The second day of the summit, Clinical Social Worker and Director of the Veterans Center in American Samoa, Robert Toelupe, MSW shared data for individuals who contemplate suicide, seventy (70) percent do not act, thirty (30) percent contemplate suicide, nine (9) percent attempt suicide and one (1) percent complete suicide.  He defined Emotional Intelligence (EQ), as “the ability to recognize one’s emotions and other’s emotions while also having the ability to respond or regulate one’s emotions.” He reminded the group we do not control our emotions, and when they present, but we are in control of how we respond.  This topic was followed up in the breakout sessions for ages 25 and below, where conversations centered on how to start improving emotional intelligence.  Group ideas were to share with friends and peers, teaching about emotional IQ in schools as well as bridging the generational gap. 
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I thought the summit was a great event to learn how important our well-being, and helping others who are fighting their own battles of mental health.  The need for safe spaces to allow people to explain how they feel, is a great way to support those in need.  The event was free of charge, and the speakers were knowledgeable, well versed, as well as brave to share their personal mental health stories.  I encourage our youth to attend the next Mental Health Summit, because it is a great place to start learning.  Participants learn we are not alone, traumatic experiences and life can impact our mental health, but more importantly we can learn about coping mechanisms for wellness.  Mental Health is challenging, but the summit can help to start difficult conversations in a safe and brave space, to change our approach to mental wellness. 
​Edited by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director   

Written by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director   
We all witness forms of discrimination and violence, even in schools.  Violence in schools is a worldwide problem, and students who do not conform to sexual and gender stereotypes are increasingly more defenseless.   On May 25, 2021 93khj reported “American Samoa’s first ever Fa’afafine Prom Queen”, Miss Nancy Faaloaga.  I was ecstatic to witness youth promoting inclusion.  This action developed a positive platform in addressing trans inclusion in schools.  It presented a step towards acceptance of Faafafine’s.  Unfortunately, a viral video displayed the Prom King falling on the newly crowned Prom Queen on stage, causing the crowd to laugh.  He pretended to help the Prom Queen up, while using a shawl to drag the Prom Queen across the stage.  There is a high rate of harassment, victimization, absenteeism, and suicide among transgender youth in schools[1], and it was evident youth in American Samoa know exactly how to harass or bully.
              As a result of the video, I had a conversation with a Samoana High School student.  They responded it was a funny video.  We watched it together and I asked,  “Does that not cause harm?” reminding what if that was them , or a friend.  We had an in-depth discussion if the actions were intentional to humiliate and belittle a Fa’afafine.  After a lot of dialogue, the student realized the goal behind the “prank” was to humiliate and a form of bullying.
              Bullying happens in American Samoa, and there are different forms for LGBTQ+IA and Fa’afafine communities.  Transphobic bullying is based on prejudice, negative views, or beliefs about trans people.  It is common to hear Faafafine’s being asked, “O oe o se teine?”, “Afai e te manatu o oe o se teine e tatau ona soso vave pei o se teine.” Homophobic bullying targets a person’s sexuality if they are gay, lesbian, bi or heterosexual.  Transphobic bullying is used against someone’s gender identity, whether they identify as male, female or something different, regardless of the gender they were assigned at birth.
              When the Samoana student was asked if this was important, they shrugged their shoulders, as if to say it was not important. We discussed the federal laws created to eliminate discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender.  Schools are required to provide safe spaces for our children and young people especially from bullying.  Our students need to be informed how schools are to the needs of students to ensure they are safe from the trauma caused by these actions.  In a 2014 Metro Youth Chances survey of over 7,000 young people, including 956 trans young people, found 83% (n=793) have experienced name-calling, and 35% (n=335) have been physically attacked.  32% (n=306) have not gone to school due to discrimination or fear of discrimination. 27% (n=258) of trans young people have attempted suicide.   
              It is critical that we teach our young students to be intolerant against violence in all forms.  Violence against an individual for how they present themselves, or how they identify sexually is not acceptable.  One-way students can stop violence in schools is to speak up.  They can introduce diversity role models that promote inclusion and empathy.  Over the next two years the Alliance will be working with the Fa’afafine community to help identify the issues they face, and how they can be supported.  For more information, please contact the Alliance via email at:  asadsv@gmail.com. 
             


[1] Wyss, S.E. (2004).  

written by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director
There are only so many hours in a day. We find ourselves going to work, or school. We return home to clean and take care of our family members.  We pay our bills as best as we can, but when we are overwhelmed from the daily challenges, this increases nervousness, and life can become stressful. We may have a difficult time controlling our anger. Particularly if you are feeling overwhelmed.  Anxiety can activate feelings or responses that cause types of violence and aggression. 
One coping mechanism to build resilience is exercise. It is a great way to care for your body, while improving both your physical and mental health ​Research has shown how the brain releases chemicals to help us better manage stress and anxiety through exercise.  Some ideas to move, is to take a walk.  If you are in Tafuna you can use the Office of Motor Vehicle (OMVW) paved track to walk or use the Tafuna sidewalks.  Walking with friends helps to make it fun.  You can catch up on news, stay connected, while increasing your energy and mood.  You can join a fitness group, like SSY (Slimmer Stronger You) that helps to change mindsets to lose weight and improve cardiovascular fitness through exercise.  I find myself getting stronger, and the camaraderie, support we provide to each other as we sweat it out  makes me feel connected.  I feel good.  I have found a great support group, and gained knowledge thru tips to improve health. 
Every month we write about resilience, with the purpose to provide tips and coping mechanisms to stay well and decrease anxiety.  These times people are finding it hard to manage feelings of anxiety or emotional distress.  It is important that we remind our community how to cope with stressful situations to nurture resilience.  Knowing  your values, what is important to you, or your purpose help individuals to persist in the face of setbacks.  Surrounding yourself with good social support by building quality relationships, reminds us we are not alone.  We can lean on others as we deal with difficult situations.  Flexibility through crisis, is why coping skills are crucial,  to maintaining resilience. 
When you exercise it helps with anxiety and sleep.  I have difficult mornings or days when I do not want to exercise, and I listen to my body and rest.  I remind myself that tomorrows a new day, and I will make sure to exercise then.  When I allow myself the needed rest, I am focused and feel accomplished at the end of my workout.  There is clarity in my thinking, and I feel good. Exercise is a great way to build resiliency during stressful moments.  

Written by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director
Every week I read a newsletter article involving domestic violence or sexual assault.  May 4th, 2021 Samoa Newspaper reported “Man who allegedly tried to molest a 12-year-old now in custody.” Immediately my heart felt despair for the victim and the family.  I imagine this victim returning home, and the harm he placed on her.  It  is a scar that she will carry every day for the rest of her life. I think of the mother’s statement that “her daughter was crying and scared”. Domestic violence and sexual assault cause health consequences for all victims.  Depression, post-traumatic stress, and anxiety disorders can impede a victim’s mental capacity.  One study done in 2013 reported women who experienced domestic and sexual violence were almost twice as likely to experience depression and problem drinking. 
For the month of May as we talk about mental health, I want to remind our community we can help to empower those who are victims of violence.  Our community is extremely close.  We are related and can recall our family lineage; we have real connections.   Victims of violence come from a large family network, which means they have a great support group.  When I speak to victims of violence who are healing, they mention how important the role of their family played in promoting healing.  Often, we are not quite sure how to respond to victims.  We say things like, “Stop crying, you’ll be ok”, or we blame the victim, “If you would’ve come straight home this wouldn’t have happened.”  As support systems, I encourage you to change those responses, to make sure you do not cause more damage to the victim.  It is important to remember no one ever wants to be sexually violated or beaten. 
Instead, you can start a conversation by saying, “I’m worried about you because….” Or “I have noticed some changes that concern me…”  Practice saying them over and over until it becomes an automatic response when you talk to a victim. You can help by listening to their stories without judgment, offering advice or giving them a solution.  When you choose to actively listen, you will be able to hear exactly what the victim needs.  Make sure to allow the person the time to talk. Believe them, and let them know by saying, “I believe you,”, “It’s not your fault,” or “You don’t deserve this”. 
If you’re still at a loss on how to help a victim, then help them to find the support and resources they need.  Helping them to contact Department of Social Services, Department of Health, American Samoa Legal Aid, Catholic Social Services or getting the number to a Pastor can provide great support.  Accompany them if they ask you too.  Most importantly remind them you are there for them will help to relieve mental stress to get to healing.  

Everyone faces difficult days. During these trying times COVID-19 has impacted our families, the way we engage or chose not to engage. For Samoans who thrive on familial connections this can be difficult. For victims of violence whose voices are silenced to shield embarrassment, or are beaten for sharing their voice it causes great internal stress. We are told to be patient. The world will come around, and we are told to wait. 
What if we chose a different response? That we can take action to control our situation by developing resiliency skills. When we are knocked down by life, why not use resiliency to come back stronger, to rise from the ashes.  In previous articles we have shared the benefit of optimism, and positive attitudes to change  outlook, to  change an individual’s course.    

We need to be around other people in moments of stress. There are others who share your feelings, concerns, and worries. Many times, when faced with a difficult situation we tend to isolate, but studies show sharing your worries, or struggles with someone you can trust can provide relief. Enjoy your surroundings. We live in such a beautiful place surrounded by beaches, green mountains, spectacular sunsets and sunrises. Nature improves our perspective.  

Create new goals and take action to
reach these goals. If a goal seems (like losing weight) seems insurmountable break it down to small steps that you can make (i.e. drink water for the day, walk for five minutes). The focus is to find ways to motivate yourself to act to take one small step. You can learn to breathe to center and ground yourself during stressful moments. Breathing helps with mindfulness as you are required to listen to your breathing in that moment. Use a journal to write about those thoughts that weigh you down and identify daily struggles. If you are not accustomed to focusing or writing about yourself this practice can be extremely challenging, but if you work on it every day with intention it has proven to help move people to finding a safe space. Lastly, each day write three things you are grateful for. Practice this for over a period of 30 days and you will see the change in your outlook when challenges arise. 
Each month the Alliance will continue to share actions that can help to change your state of mind and heal from stressful moments. You can do one or all the tips provided. Remember action to wellness is what will take you to a healthy place.  

written by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director
Data shows for every three (3) Pacific Islander women, two (2)  suffer from domestic violence. If you are in a room filled with other people, look at the woman sitting next to you, until you count three (3) women. Based on statistics you know that two of those women have suffered from some domestic violence (i.e. hitting, verbal abuse, psychological distress, etc). If you are sitting at a table of ten (10) women, this means at least six (6) women in your group have suffered from domestic violence. These are our sisters, mothers, and daughters.
 
When ten victims in American Samoa were asked if they reported their abusers, only one victim reported to the police in American Samoa. When asked why they did not call, they said they had called for help before and did not feel safe. They also stated they did not feel the police would believe them. They reported those who were sent to provide assistance always found fault in the victim.
 
In our office I have helped women who have asked if we can send their husbands or boyfriends to our training sessions, so they can learn. One victim said, "I don't want to leave my husband, I just want him to stop." As women we always make sure to take care of our loved ones.
 
Domestic violence is defined as any behavior the purpose of which is to gain power and control over a spouse, partner, girl or boyfriend or intimate family member. Abuse is a learned behavior; it is not caused by anger, mental problems, drugs, or alcohol, for these are addictions that require a specific approach.
 
Our local law 47.0102 defines domestic violence as (1) “Domestic or family violence” means the occurrence of one or more of the following acts by a family or household member, but does not include acts of self-defense:
 Attempting to cause or causing physical harm to another family member or household member.

1. Placing a family or household member in fear of physical harm; or
2. Causing a family or household member to engage involuntarily in sexual activity by force, threat of force or duress.

Family members or household members include

1. Adults or minors who are current or former spouses;
2. Adults or minors who live together or who have lived together
3. Adults or minors who are dating or who have dated

 
It is the work of the Alliance to educate promote awareness about domestic violence.  We teach and talk about systems of oppression, the power and control wheel, and how abusers use the wheel to exert power.  They use isolation, involving separation from families and friends to ensure victims do what they say.  Perpetrators will control monies to ensure victims can not leave.  They attack victims mentally, reminding them they can never leave because nobody wants you because you are stupid, ugly, extremely hurtful words.
 
We ensure the community can identify domestic violence, how to protect themselves as victim, and where to go for assistance.
 
I encourage advocates and victims to look at the women or victims of violence in their lives, and provide them support.  Let them know they are beautiful, they are loved, and they are worthy.  Remember the importance of who we are in our community, and in the Fa’aSamoa.  We are sisters who are cherished by our brothers, the Va Feagaiga, the space between siblings where a covenant is formed, and it does not condone violence.  We must remember that domestic violence is a human issue and we all need to be part of the solution on how to strengthen families to end domestic violence in American Samoa. 

 Research shows a strong link between optimism and longevity. People who are resilient become positive and optimistic. They can regulate their feelings in critical situations to maintain their optimism. Dr. Krystal Evans stated, “Optimism is empowering. It’s the belief that no matter what challenges you face, that you can make a difference.”
           Victims of domestic and sexual violence face extreme challenges, to pathway from hurting to healing. Victims ask, “will this pain ever end?”. Advocates can remind victims “the pain you feel will end when the trauma you have experienced is listened to, gently spoken to and holistically healed.”  
           When engaging a victim, you can reduce their sense of helplessness   Ensuring victims that it is not their fault, taking construction action (primary control) begins the work to healing. Using optimism advocates can remind victims that there is darkness, but healing can allow for release. Optimism can help to set them free from the pain and restraints of abuse.
       Tips to provide victims is distraction when thinking negative thoughts. One example wearing an elastic band on their wrist. The victim snaps the band when they begin to have negative thoughts. Victims who “miss” their abuser can use the skill of disputation, where they argue against their thoughts. They can remind themselves of the negative behavior in the relationship like when the abuser put her down, made her feel bad about herself, or made her afraid by smashing things, destroying her property, controlling what she does, who she sees, to help her realize the relationship was built on mistruths. 
           
Optimism, like any habit, can be developed with effort and desire for change. Advocates can encourage victims to remember the abuse was not their fault, but more importantly they have the confidence to choose change.   to edit.

Written by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director, ASADSV ​
Welcome to 2021!  Like many of us, at the beginning of December I take stock, assess what worked, and what needs to change for the coming year.  2020 has been grueling, often challenging, and I for one am happy to welcome 2021. This new year I feel there is hope in the work we do as the recognized American Samoa Dual Coalition (focusing on both domestic violence and sexual violence).
The Alliance is funded by two federal grants.  The scope of the anti-sexual violence/anti-domestic violence coalition was made with room to grow, understanding that creating collaborative efforts must be focused on the requisites of the community.  It is important to remember that not one shoe fits every Coalition.  In American Samoa the Fa’aSamoa plays an integral role in the village setting, family setting, religion, as well as political positions (i.e. Samoan Senators who are matai’s voted by their village).
Over the past few years, the Alliance has held listening sessions (Talanoa Tables) asking the community the lens in which they see violence, and how does the Fa’aSamoa impact our response to violence.   We have asked victims of domestic and sexual violence to share their stories on the local services provided.  Providers were asked to share their knowledge and awareness regarding available services for victims of violence.  We continue to ask the community to provide their feedback, and that has helped to tailor the education, messages used to promote awareness in American Samoa about violence.  The hope is to decrease the tolerance of violence in our community.
In 2021, the Alliance will continue to hold Talanoa Sessions, gaining from the community their knowledge, and beliefs about violence to ensure our messages are culturally appropriate.  We will continue to work together with our partners through our Sexual Assault Response Team/Community Coordinated Response Meetings that are held monthly.   These meeting support the work of local advocates providing direct services, statewide policy makers, and federal response to eliminate the challenges and improve the response to violence against women in our community. In the time of Covid-19 we will continue to increase virtual meetings to meet the local government requirements of social distancing.  There will be more podcasts to share the work of other service providers, or advocates in our community, even to include those from off island.  Each month we will increase awareness of the impact of violence through our Tusitala Newsletter, while featuring the work we do in the community.  We will continue to increase partnerships and collaboration, with service providers and advocates through supportive efforts to improve the lives of victims of domestic and sexual violence.   
Although 2020 was a difficult year, the Alliance Team welcomes 2021 with a heart of hope.  Please join us, by being an active participant with the Alliance.  Follow us as we communicate our calendar of events, learn more about our Talanoa Sessions, and share your insights.  Remember it takes a village to make a change.  Join us in 2021!! 

Written by:  Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director

When we speak of Domestic Violence you probably have heard about power and control.  During October we posted a picture of the Duluth Model the Power and Control Wheel on our Facebook page.  The wheel is a diagram of tactics used by abusive partners to ensure victims remain in the relationship. Tactics abusive partners use, are isolation, intimidation, emotional abuse, economic abuse, and male privilege. 
Researchers believe the main drive for abusive behavior by partners is due to male privilege or entitlement.   It is a male  notion, “I can dominate you”, “control you”, and resort to physical dominance to cause harm.  For male abusers, entitlement is attached to the core of who they are.  Many men will not relinquish entitlement and will do everything to maintain power and control over the abused.  Examples of what entitled abusers will say, “You need to do what I say, because I am the man of the house.” Many times, entitled abusers have a difficult time negotiating with their partners because they do not feel the female is equal to him.  They feel they are smarter, and better than her.  They are threatened with the thought of equality, as it lessens their manhood. 
An abuser uses entitlement as a critical part of their thought process and belief systems.  They mentally carry a belief system of superiority over their partner, but do not feel the same with other people.  When an abuser is in a work setting, they can negotiate, have healthy dialogue.  They may feel the power structure is appropriate, and it is acceptable.   Abusers feel their partners are NOT entitled to negotiate or respond because there is no equality in the relationship.  He is the authority in the relationship and entitled to hold the power and control  of the relationship.
Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship practiced by one partner to gain or maintain control over another intimate partner.  It is a learned behavior.  Substance abuse such as drugs, or alcohol can lead to incidences of violence. The sense of entitlement in the abuser allows them to beat and batter their partner.  Because it is learned, we recognized we can unlearn negative behavior. 
Most abusers when asked why they abuse, will say they have witnessed the behavior from other family members, and it may be intergenerational (from father, grandfather, uncle, etc).  Samoan men  have shared stories where they were beaten by their parents and do the same to their children, as well as wives/partner. Growing up in an abusive environment will automatically have toxic behavior.  It is important to remember distance from abusive behavior, and time can be the beginning of adopting new and healthier behaviors.
Follow us as we continue to discuss ways to change behavior. If you have additional questions, please email: asadsv@gmail.com title the email “Male Entitlement”.  An Alliance staff will respond to your questions.  

LOLO M. MOLIGA             LEMANU P. MAUGA GOVERNOR        LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
American Samoa Government
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MONTH (DVAM)
OCTOBER 2020WHEREAS, domestic violence destroys communities, relationships, and lives, and shatters the bedrock of our society -the family. Homes should be places of comfort and stability where love and mutual respect thrive. Domestic violence erodes our environment leaving many of our community in potentially life-threatening situations. It weakens our families, our villages, our community; and
WHEREAS, the experience of domestic violence is described as one unique to the context of additional oppressions based on race, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, type of labor performed, level of education, class position, immigration/refugee status or disability. Still, women make up a disproportionately higher number of victims of domestic violence, with nearly half of female homicide victims killed by a current or former male partner; and
WHEREAS, for every five (5) Samoan women, three (3) are being physically abused. Physical and sexual violence experienced by Pacific Island women and girls are higher than any other region in the world. Nearly I in 7 men, and 1 out of every 10 teenagers have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner in their lifetimes; and
WHEREAS, it is a public health, social justice, and human rights issue not to be ignored. Interventions require assistance at all levels to assist those who have suffered from domestic violence, and help survivors rebuild safe, stable, and self-sufficient lives; and
WHEREAS,, as a community, we must resolve to have zero tolerance for acts of domestic violence. During Domestic Violence Awareness Month, we reaffirm our steadfast commitment to empowering survivors and ending this deeply destructive abuse; and
WHEREAS, October 2020 is Domestic Violence Awareness Month, and the theme “It’s On US” urges our community to stand up against violence and be active participants. ‘It’s on Us’ means we accept responsibility to help support those affected by violence and to be part of healing. We all have a duty to speak out against these to make every effort to prevent such tragedies from occurring. ‘It’s on us· means to elevate conversations by creating powerful voices to make a change; and
WHEREAS, this month we strengthen our resolve to ensure homes are places ofrefuge, comfort, and protection - and not of fear and abuse. We renew our commitment to support and protect victims. Together, we can ensure those who have suffered at the hands of abusers receive needed care and support, hold perpetrators accountable, and protect potential victims from future abuse; and
WHEREAS, the AMERICAN SAMOA ALLIANCE AGAINST DOMESTIC & SEXUAL VIOLENCE recognizes that more work remains until every individual is able to live free from fear. “It’s on Us” to prevent domestic violence, and strive to eliminate all its horrific forms in order to sustain the hope of a better life for victims and to foster safer homes and relationships for everyone.
NOW THEREFORE, I, LOLO MAT ALASI MOLIGA, THEREFORE, I, LOLO MATALASI MOLIGA, Governor of the Territory of American Samoa, by virtue of the authority vested in me, do hereby proclaim October 2020 as “Domestic Violence Awareness Month” and endorse the commitment to ending Domestic or Family Violence in the community. I call upon all citizens of the Territory of American Samoa to stand firm in condemning domestic violence and supporting survivors of these crimes in finding the safety and recovery they need; and to support, recognize, and trust in the efforts of law enforcement, public health and service providers to hold perpetrators accountable, protect victims of crime and their communities, and prevent future violence. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my signature on this 16th day of  September, in the year of our Lord, two thousand twenty.
Masina Mo Le Fa’alauiloaina o Sauaga Fa’alotoifale Oketopa 2020TALUAI, o sauaga fa’alotoifale e fa’aleagaina nu’u ma afio’aga, mafutaga, ma ola o tagata, ma talepeina le fa’avae o mea uma -le ‘aiga. O ‘aiga e tatau ona avea ma nofoaga o le mafanafana ma le mautu, ma olaola ai le alofa ma le fefa’aaloaloai. O sauaga fa’ alotoifale e fa’ aleagaina ai le tatou si’ osi ‘omaga ma o’ o atu ai i ni tulaga e ono lamatia ai le soifua o tagata nu’u i nu’u ma afio’aga.
E fa’ato’ilalo ai o tatou ‘aiga, tatou nu’u ma afio’aga; ma
TALUAI, o le a’afia ai o se tasi i sauaga fa’alotoifale, ua fa’arnatalaina o se tasi tulaga uiga ‘ese mai nisi sauaga fa’aopoopo e fa’avae mai i ituaiga tagata, tagatanu·u, tausaga, itupil, ituaiga galuega o loo galueina, maualuga o a’oa’oga, vasega o le tamaoaiga, tulaga tau nofo mau, sulufa”i po o lei ai o ni rnana’oga fa’apitoa. Peita’i o loo maualuga pea le numera o tama’ ita’ i o loo a’ afia i sauaga fa’ alotoifale, ma e latalata i le afa o tama’ita’i ua maliliu i le solitulafono o le fasioti tagata, na fasiotia e se ali’i o loo fai ma ana pa’aga i le taimi na maliu ai, pe na avea ma ana pa·aga i se taimi ua te’a; ma
TALUAI, mai le lima (5) o tama’ita’i Samoa, e toa tolu (3) o loo sauaina fa”aletino. Mai vaega uma o le lalolagi, o le atu pasefika e maualuga ai lava ona numera ile a ’afiaga o tina ma tam a’ ita’ i i sauaga fa’ aletino ma sauaga fa· afeusua · iga. E latalata i le tasi (1)mai le fitu (7) ali’i, ma e tasi (]) mai le sefulu (10) o tupulaga talavou ua a·afia i sauaga fa’aletino matuia ma sauaina e se o loo avea ma pa’aga i lo latou olaga; ma
TALUAI, o se mata’upu tau i le soifua fa’alaua’itele, fa’amasinoga amiotonu, ma aia tatau a le tagata e le tatau ona le amanaiaina. O le fa’auilavea e mana’omia ai le fesoasoani i tulaga uma e mafai ai ona fesoasoani mo i latou ua puapuagatia mai sauaga fa’alotoifale, ma fesoasoani ia i latou ua sao mai i sauaga ina ia toe fausia ni olaga saogalemu, mautu, ma le mafai ona fa’alagolago le tagata ia te ia lava; ma
TALUAI, i le avea ai ma nu·u ma afio’aga, e tatau ona tatou faia se fa’ai’uga ina ia leai se fa’apalepale po o se taliaina o faiga o sauaga fa’alotoifale. I lenei masina e fa’atupula’ia ai le malamalama i sauaga fa’alotoifale, tatou te toe fa’amautu ma fa’amausali ai le tatou ta’utinoga tumau i le fa’amalosi’au mo i latou ua sao mai sauaga ma fa’amutaina ai nei sauaga matuia; ma
TALUAI,  o Oketopa 2020, o le masina e fa’atupula’ia ai le tatou malamalama ma le silafia e fa’atatau i sauaga fa’alotoifale ma o le manulaufi o le “E i luga o tatou” o lo o talosagaina ai o tatou nu·u ma afio’aga ina ia tutula’i e tete’e atu i sauaga ma ·auai i taumafaiga uma e tineia ai sauaga. ‘E i luga o tatou’ o Iona uiga tatou te taliaina le matafaioi o le lagolagoina o i latou ua afaina i
sauaga, ma avea i tatou ma se vaega o le fa’amalologa. E tofu uma tatou ma tiute e tautala fa’asaga i nei soligatulafono ma faia taumafaiga uma ina ia taofia ai nei fa’ alavelave mai le tupu pea.
·’E i luga o tatou’ le faatupula’ia o talanoaga e ala i le fausiaina o si’ufofoga mamana e faia se suiga; ma
TALUAI, i lenei masina, tatou te fa·amalosia ai o tatou fa·ai·uga ia fa·amautinoa o ‘aiga o ni nofoaga o le sulufa’iga, mafanafana, ma puipuiga - ae le o le fefe ma le saua. E fa’afouina le tatou ta’utinoga ina ia lagolago ma puipui i latou ua a’afia i sauaga. Mo i latou ua sauaina, e mafai ona tatou galulue fa’atasi ina ia mautinoa latou te maua se tausiga ma le lagolago o lo o mana’omia, ma taofia ma tali i moliga i latou ua molia i le tulafono, ma puipuia i latou e ono afaina i sauaga i le lumana’i; ma
TALUAI, e malamalama LE MAU A AMERIKA SAMOA E TETE’E ATU I SAUAGA FA’ALOTOIFALE MA SAUAGA FA’AFEUSUA’IGA, e fa’atumauina pea le tele le galuega se’i vagana ua
mafai e tagata uma ona ola sa’oloto mai i le fefe. “E i luga ia i tatou” le taofia o sauaga fa’alotoifale, ma taumafai ina ia ave’esea uma foliga mataga ina ia mafai ai ona fa’atumauina le fa’amoemoe mo se olaga sili atu se lelei mo i latou ua a’afia i sauaga ma tausi ma fa’afailele ai ‘aiga saogalemu ma mafutaga po o so’otaga mo tagata uma.
O LEA, IA FA’AMAUINA, O A’U O LOLO MATALASI MOLIGA, Kovana o le Teritori o Amerika Samoa, e tusa ma le pule ua tu’uina mai ia te a’u, ua ‘ou poloa’iina ai le masina o Oketopa 2020, o le “Masina Mo Le Fa’alauiloaina o Sauaga Fa’alotoifale” ma fa’amaonia le ta’utinoga ina ia fa’amutaina sauaga fa’alotoifale po o sauaga o aiga i nu’u uma ma afio’aga. Ou te vala’au atu i tagatanu’u uma o le teritori o Amerika Samoa ia tutu malosi i le fa’ato · ilaloina o sauaga fa· alotoifale ma lagolagoina i latou ua sao mai i nei solitulafono, e ala lea i le sa’iliina o le saogalernu ma le toe maua o le malosi o lo o latou man a· omia; ma ia lagolagoina, iloa, ma talitonu i taumafaiga a i latou e fa· amalosia le tulafono, fesoasoani i le tausiga o le soifua maloloina o le lautele, ma i latou o lo o avatua se ‘au’aunaga mo i latou ua a’afia i sauaga, ina ia taofia ma tali i o latou moli’aga i latou o lo o solitulafono, puipuiina i latou ua faia i ai nei solitulafono ma o latou nu’u ma afio’aga, ma puipuia mai nisi sauaga i le lumana’i.
I LE MOLIMAUINA AI, o lea ua ‘ou fa’amauina i lo’u sainia i le aso 16 lenei o Setema, i le tausaga o lo tatou Ali’i, lua afe luasefulu.
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LOLO M. MOLIGA
Governor of American Samoa
This ad paid by The Family Violence Prevention & Services Act (FVPSA) Award #2201 ASSDVC​

September is recognized as National Campus Safety Awareness Month which brings attention to the issue of safety on campus. This encourages public conversation about violence prevention on campuses all around our nation. Although it focuses on colleges and universities it can apply to high schools, middle schools and elementary schools. Students in the country become victims of sexual assault, robbery, stalking, homicide and other crimes. 

According to campus crime statistics (2018-2020 American Samoa Community College general catalog) and  Campus Safety and Security website our local college has within the years 2015-2018 had crime offenses. The highest number of committed offenses at ASCC are burglary, Liquor violation, drug violation and sexual harassment. Aside from sexual harassment and aggravated assault, no other serious violent offense such as rape, murder have been reported between 2015-2018.  

View photo below retrieved from American Samoa Community College General Catalog 2018-2020

Although, numbers are small for Campus crime at ASCC it is still too much for such a small college. Campus violence continues to be a significant issue among mainland schools and our local students attend or transfer to as they pursue higher education. As a community and a nation we need to unite to eradicate all forms of violence on campus and navigate solutions that will work for each campus across our nation. 

Throughout the rest of the month of September we will continue to raise awareness and encourage public conversation about violence prevention on campus, through our social media platforms. 

For more information on Campus Safety awareness you may contact us via phone 699-0272 or email asadsv@gmail.com. 
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The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act also known as The Clery Act is a Federal Law that requires all colleges and universities to publish information regarding crime on and around their campuses and is enforced by the United States Department of Education. All colleges and Universities, according to the Clery Act are required to do the following with regards to sexual assault: 

1) Publish an Annual Security Report; 
2) Disclose crime statistics for incidents that occur on campus, in unobstructed public areas immediately adjacent to or running through the campus and at certain non-campus facilities; 3) Issue timely warnings about Clery Act crimes which pose a serious or ongoing threat to students and employees; and 
4) Devise an emergency response, notification, and testing policy. 

The Clery Act was named and passed after Jeanne Clery, who was raped and murdered in her dorm room by a fellow student on April 5, 1986 at Lehigh University. After her incident it led to increased attention on unreported crimes on numerous college campuses across the country. Thus, 4 years later in 1990, the Clery Act was enacted by congress. Since the enactment of the Clery Act, it has been amended 5 times to ensure increased safety and reporting measures. 

All schools and universities in the United States of America that receive any federal funding, including student financial aid, apply to The Clery Act. 

The significance of the Clery act is critical as it aids in fostering safe campuses around the nation. Students have the right to receive education in an environment where they will not be harmed or harassed. As we continue to raise awareness on Campus Safety for the month of September, we encourage students, parents and teachers to have knowledge on student rights and how to help create and foster safe campuses. Student voices need to be heard too! 
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Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 is a Federal Law. This Law states that:

“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”

Title IX is a federal mandate that protects students attending educational institutions from sex discrimination. The law says that students cannot be denied participation in any school program solely based on their sex.

This law applies to all students, faculty and staff in federally funded education programs and activities. This includes private, parochial or other schools that also receive federal funding through different programs.

Before Title IX came to pass, female college athletes did not receive the same opportunists that male college athletes received. "The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), which was created in 1906 to format and enforce rules in men’s football but had become the ruling body of college athletics, offered no athletic scholarships for women and held no championships for women’s teams. Furthermore, facilities, supplies and funding were lacking. "

Thus, leading to implementing such law to create equality between male and females in all educational institutes.

Information Retrieved from https://www.knowyourix.org/

The American Samoa Community College (ASCC) applies to this act. If you would like to know more about this or who you could talk to at ASCC about title IX here is some information to help you : 

LEAD TITLE IX COORDINATOR
Name: Mr. Sonny Leomiti
Title: Vice President of Administration and Finance
Address: 
PO BOX 2609
Pago Pago, AS 96799
Phone: (684) 699-9155 ext. 352
Email: s.leomiti@amsamoa.edu

For more information on Campus Safety awareness you may contact us via phone 699-0272 or email asadsv@gmail.com. ​

When I grew up I was always taught that the police are your friends.  If you ever need help, go to the police.  The job of the police is to serve and protect.  So, let’s begin here.  The other day I got into a minor fender bender in a parking lot.  The other party said it was minor so we’d take care of it on our own.  It didn’t work out that way so I called the Fagatogo police station that evening and asked them what I needed to do.  Because it was late I was told to visit the nearest station the next day to file my statement.  Well, I couldn’t make it the next day because of important meetings I had to attend, but I did go the following day.   
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Understanding what victims of domestic/sexual violence go thru
What happened next made me think about, what victims of domestic/sexual violence must go through when they are looking for assistance from law enforcement or first responders.
As a victim advocate, I know what an effective response should look like.  In this case, it was not that.  Before I even sat down the officer was already shaking his head.  I had not even open my mouth to explain why I was there before he told me he was going to give me two citations. 
Why was I being treated like I was a criminal?
I was still shaken up and very nervous from the accident.  After all, it is not every day that a person gets into a minor fender bender, I did not know the process.  I thought I was doing the right thing yet why I was being treated like I did something wrong.   
He said, the two citations are for 1) because I got into a car accident and 2) because it was more than 24-hours after the incident.  I told the officer, “But it wasn’t my fault.”  He said it doesn’t matter. 

Lack of understanding of the system
I then said, “Show me where does it say all this, that I get 2 citations?  I have never heard of this before.  I came to you for assistance.  You didn’t pull me over somewhere.”  It was then that he ordered me to leave the station immediately, which I did.
I ended up going to Fagatogo police station, Traffic Division, the next day.  They said the same thing.  When I said that I needed to file a statement for the police report for the car insurance company they said no, I’m not allowed to.  They said, “tell it to the judge if you decide to fight the citation.” 
   
Re-victimization
I felt that was a terrible experience.  The officers seemed cold and unemotional to me, and I was never asked if I was okay.  I was never asked if I needed help. I was never asked if I understood what was available to me. I was more traumatized by the process than by the incident.
At the Alliance office where I work, I have interviewed victims of domestic/sexual violence and when asked why they didn’t report to the Police, one victim/survivor commented, “I didn’t know what to feel or do, it was complete confusion.”  Others have commented they didn’t report because, 1) they get the run-around (e.g. told to go to agency a, b, c, and d) 2) victim-blaming, 3) being threatened to be taken to jail, 4) lack of trust in the system, 5) lack of confidentiality and 6) re-victimization. 
*If you are a victim of domestic/sexual violence or know someone who is a victim there are community advocates available.  It is important that they have a victim advocate who is familiar with the system and can be a voice for them and provide support and assistance. For more information contact Mona Uli, at the Alliance 699-0272 or email:asadsv@gmail.com

Written by:  Marilyn Ho Ching, Media Coordinator

During the month of August The Alliance team shared nuggets and pieces on the significance on Women’s Equality Day. The nuggets provided information on dismantling gender oppression and how it relates to our local community. Women’s oppression still exists today. In our local society some of our women’s oppression gravitates around our Samoan cultural system and beliefs. To ensure equity it is important we begin to dismantle gender oppression and create a foundation where men and women are equal. Women’s equality day helps us to understand and see the inequity that women before and now face.

 A century ago, on August 26th, Women’s Equality Day became a day to commemorate the passage of the 19th Amendment in the United States Constitution. The 19th Amendment grants Women’s their right to vote. Women's Equality Day resulted from the start of the women’s suffrage movement in the 1840’s. For almost 2 centuries women have fought for their rights and equality. Many women advocates over this period of time have aided and helped to decrease the lack of gender equality. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou and Oprah Winfry have fought for women’s rights and equality. These women were and are change agents in regards to dismantling women’s oppression nationally and globally. 

Some achievements that women have gained are education, running businesses, participating in the workforce, participating in political activities and much more. Locally, a handful of our women have created history for our territory. Congresswoman Aumua Amata Radewagen is the first woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives from American Samoa. Another woman who’s paved a way for women in American Samoa is Andrea Samoa who is the only woman who sits in the fono. Recently, Jessop Taase was just appointed the first woman to serve as American Samoa’s Attorney General (AG). 

 However, the reality of a gender equality based foundation has still yet to be achieved, not only locally but globally. Women continue to experience discrimination, inequality and violence. There needs to be a shift in the roles we place on women, men, and fa'afafine in American Samoa. When we see each other as equal, we dismantle the attitudes, and prerequisites that promote stereotyping of social roles primarily based on gender. For the rest of the month we will continue to raise awareness on women’s equality and commemorate the holiday celebrated on the 26th. ​

Written by:  Media Coordinator, Marilyn Ho Ching
We had the privilege and opportunity to conduct a podcast session with Congresswoman Aumua Amata Radewagen. Amata was born in Washington DC and moved to Samoa as an infant, she was raised in the village of Pago Pago. Her father was the late Governor Peter Tali Coleman.

 She reminisced about young days with her father, listening to him and being very interested in politics. She recounts how she was very close to him and encouraged her to never forget about the people of American Samoa. Amata holds a psychology degree and had intended on pursuing a career in Social Work but found politics to be much more fascinating. 

When she told her father that she wanted to run for Congresswoman, he advised her that he would be difficult as she was a woman and that it would take her 20 years before she would win. It actually took her 22 years before she would take the congressional seat. She states that she is a public servant voted by the people of the territory to serve and will continue to work tirelessly for the territory. 

The Alliance invited Amata to be our guest speaker for our podcast in light of Women’s Equality Awareness. We asked questions about challenges that she faces as a woman in a predominantly male realm to her thoughts on Kamala Harris being selected to run as Vice President for the Democratic party. It is an informative and entertaining podcast.

Tune in next month when it will be available. 
​

Written by: Jennifer Tofaeono, Executive Director
Over the last two weeks there were four(4) reported suicides.  I am not privy as to why, but I believe for an island our size, our nuclear family, as well as extended family, it raises questions.  How could this happen? Why did it happen? Could I have done something differently?  We mourn loved ones lost to suicide as well as friends who have lost someone to suicide. They are our siblings, our children, our grandchildren, our neighbors, someone important.
 “How do we fix this?”  I would like immediate action  yet sometimes the best reaction is to take a few steps back, and identify the issues.  As the Executive Director for the American Samoa Alliance, one of our strategic objective is to increase awareness about violence.  Our purpose is to help our community build an intolerance to violence, to change mindsets to  solve some of these issues that heavily impact our island.  I feel that our mission to empower individuals in community aligns with the fight against suicide.  The approach to building intolerance against violence should be the same for suicide within our community.  
 Research regarding sexual assault is associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation, attempts and death by suicide.  Sexual assault has been found to increase the risk for death by suicide by as much as 14 times for female victims compared to women who have never been assaulted (Gradus et al, 2012).  Victims with a history of childhood sexual assault/abuse are identified as significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. 2014 Pacific Islands Report identified suicide rates in Pacific Islands as some of the highest in the world, and Samoa was identified as one of the Islands.
  A popular Pacific Island Maori movie “Once were Warriors” the daughter Grace Heke commits suicide because of sexual assault.  The impacts of sexual assault on a victim even years after the assault will continue to play havoc on victim’s wellness.  A Netflix 2016 documentary Audrie & Daisy followed two young girls sexually abused.  Audrie committed suicide before filming at the age of 15.  Daisy committed suicide, August 5, 2020 at the age of 23, nine years after her assault.  As I sit here, I  wonder what do can we do with all this?  Through our work at the Alliance we focus on awareness, and I believe that is the first step to addressing suicide. 
The common misconceptions about suicide, is a person who attempts to harm themselves must be crazy.  When in fact suicidal people are not insane, or crazy.  Being upset, depressed, carrying grief—and being distressed is not a sign of a mental illness, but a cry for help or support.  Another misconception is if we talk about suicide, it gives someone the idea.  Studies show when you talk openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings you may help to save a life. Some people may believe that if someone talks about suicide, they are not going to really do it.  Wherein fact suicidal people provide a warning or clue, and its important the we listen to them.  They may jokingly say, “You’ll be sorry when I’m gone,” or “I’m anxious, and I cannot find a way out” this could be a sign of having suicidal feelings.  It is important we recognize how suicide happens, and use it as a vehicle to end suffering that has become extremely horrendous.
If there is someone you know  that you feel has suicidal tendencies it can be difficult to approach them, but the best thing to do is have a conversation.  Giving a suicidal person the chance to share their feelings can help them break from negative feelings, loneliness or pain. You can begin a conversation by saying, “I wanted to check in with you, because it seems like something is bothering you.” As you continue the conversation you can ask them, “How long have you felt this way?”, or “When did this start?” Providing support statements such as, “You are not alone. I’m here for you,” or “It may seem like your feelings won’t change, but they will,” or “It may be hard for me to understand how you feel, but know that I’m here to help, and that I care for you.”  These crucial conversations are the start to providing help to our loved ones. 

​​Important numbers:   Emergency call 911.  For Suicide Prevention call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255 for free confidential, 24/7 help.  You can also connect with various Suicide Helpline Chats online chat groups at:https://www.suicidestop.com/suicide_prevention_chat_usa.html   
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 thatWritten by:  Jennifer Tofaeono 
Domestic violence and sexual assault are pervasive and challenging social issues in American Samoa.  Both Domestic violence and sexual assault have tremendous impact on both victims, as well as family members.  It creates devastating physical, emotional, psychological, and economic consequences for victims. Two out of every three Pacific Island women have been faced with domestic violence, and sexual assault stories litter our Samoan Newspaper every month.  We know domestic violence and sexual assault exist in our workplace, in our schools, in our community, and in our family.   
                Over the past two years the Board of Directors, and staff of the Alliance have developed a strategic plan that creates the framework in which we do our work.  Our strategic plan provides a roadmap to connect how we think about a problem, and the activities.  Our methods are supported by our activities and practices involved to address the problem.  We evaluate our outcomes to ensure they meet our desired goals.  The pieces of a strategic plan, including activities, and outcomes is the way we communicate and define what we do, and why we do it.  Every community engagement, every webinar, every podcast, every newsletter is designed to meet our strategic plan.  This framework creates accountability.  The mission of the Alliance is to empower individuals, and communities in American Samoa through collaboration, promoting resiliency, and strengthening capacity to eliminate Domestic and Sexual Violence.
                We realize that we cannot do this alone.  Our organization is reliant on our partnerships, and the alliances we form.  Over the next few months, we will be highlighting member organizations who carry the load of the work to fight domestic violence and sexual assault.  It is their hearts to help make a change in our community, as well as lend a helping hand that creates change.  We will ask them about their challenges, as well as the successes of working in our community.  This month we will highlight Mana Support Services, led, and founded by Elizabeth “Liz” Mailo.  Please join us every month to learn or hear more about the challenges our community advocates face, as well as their successes.